Wyrdseidr

Rune explorer

73 runes in three rows, plus the medieval letters. Filter them, or follow one rune through the centuries in the table below.

Elder Futhark c. 150–750

ᚠ*fehuf ᚢ*ūruzu ᚦ*þurisazþ ᚨ*ansuza ᚱ*raidōr ᚲ*kaunan (or *kēnaz)k ᚷ*gebōg ᚹ*wunjōw ᚺ*hagalazh ᚾ*naudizn ᛁ*īsazi ᛃ*jēraj ᛇ*ī(h)waz or *eihwazï ᛈ*perþ- (meaning unknown)p ᛉ*algiz (or *alhiz; uncertain)z ᛊ*sōwilōs ᛏ*tīwaz (or *teiwaz)t ᛒ*berkanan (or *berkō)b ᛖ*ehwaze ᛗ*mannazm ᛚ*laguz (or *laukaz)l ᛜ*ingwazŋ ᛞ*dagazd ᛟ*ōþala (or *ōþila)o

Younger Futhark c. 750–1100

ᚠféf ᚢúru ᚦþursþ ᚬᚭósso ᚱreiðr ᚴkaunk ᚼᚽhagallh ᚾᚿnauðrn ᛁíssi ᛅᛆára ᛋᛌsóls ᛏᛐTýrt ᛒᛓbjarkanb ᛘᛙmaðrm ᛚlǫgrl ᛦᛧýrʀ

Anglo-Saxon Futhorc c. 5th–11th century

ᚠfeohf ᚢuru ᚦþornþ ᚩoso ᚱradr ᚳcenc ᚷgyfu (geofu)g ᚹwynn (wenne in the rune poem)w ᚻhæglh ᚾnydn ᛁisi ᛄger (gear)j ᛇeohï ᛈpeorðp ᛉeolhx (eolh-secg in the rune poem)x ᛋsigels ᛏtir (Tiw)t ᛒbeorcb ᛖehe ᛗmann (man, mon)m ᛚlagul ᛝingŋ ᛟeþel (œþel)œ ᛞdægd ᚪaca ᚫæscæ ᚣyry ᛡior (iar in Hickes)io ᛠearea ᛢcweorðq ᛣcalck ᛥstanst ᚸgarḡ

And the medieval runes, a full alphabet built from the Younger Futhark by adding dots: ᛆᛒᛍᛑᛂᚠᚵᚼᛁᛁᚴᛚᛘᚿ…

One rune through the centuries

Each Elder Futhark rune and what became of it. The Younger Futhark dropped eight runes and let the remaining sixteen stand for more sounds; in England and Frisia the row grew instead, as sound changes split old values.

Elder FutharkNameYounger FutharkAnglo-Saxon Futhorc
ᚠ*fehu f ᚠ fé f; v between vowels and at the end of a word ᚠ feoh
ᚢ*ūruz u ᚢ úr u, o, y, ø, and the consonant w/v ᚢ ur
ᚦ*þurisaz þ ᚦ þurs þ (voiceless th), ð (voiced th) ᚦ þorn
ᚨ*ansuz a ᚬ óss nasal ą at first; later o (and ǫ, ø) ᚩ os
ᚱ*raidō r ᚱ reið r ᚱ rad
ᚲ*kaunan (or *kēnaz) k ᚴ kaun k, g (and the ng-sound before k and g) ᚳ cen
ᚷ*gebō g dropped ᚷ gyfu (geofu)
ᚹ*wunjō w dropped ᚹ wynn (wenne in the rune poem)
ᚺ*hagalaz h ᚼ hagall h ᚻ hægl
ᚾ*naudiz n ᚾ nauðr n ᚾ nyd
ᛁ*īsaz i ᛁ íss i, e, and the consonant j ᛁ is
ᛃ*jēra j ᛅ ár a, æ (and sometimes e) ᛄ ger (gear)
ᛇ*ī(h)waz or *eihwaz ï dropped ᛇ eoh
ᛈ*perþ- (meaning unknown) p dropped ᛈ peorð
ᛉ*algiz (or *alhiz; uncertain) z ᛦ ýr ʀ (a palatal r from Proto-Germanic z); later y ᛉ eolhx (eolh-secg in the rune poem)
ᛊ*sōwilō s ᛋ sól s ᛋ sigel
ᛏ*tīwaz (or *teiwaz) t ᛏ Týr t, d (and nd, nt) ᛏ tir (Tiw)
ᛒ*berkanan (or *berkō) b ᛒ bjarkan b, p ᛒ beorc
ᛖ*ehwaz e dropped ᛖ eh
ᛗ*mannaz m ᛘ maðr m ᛗ mann (man, mon)
ᛚ*laguz (or *laukaz) l ᛚ lǫgr l ᛚ lagu
ᛜ*ingwaz ŋ dropped ᛝ ing
ᛞ*dagaz d dropped ᛞ dæg
ᛟ*ōþala (or *ōþila) o dropped ᛟ eþel (œþel)

Futhorc runes with no single Elder ancestor: ᛠ ear, ᛢ cweorð, ᛥ stan.